Azad fiercely criticized the Muslim politicians who were more inclined towards the communal issues without focusing on the national interest. They helped in developing radical political views and he began to participate in the Indian nationalist movement. After his return to India from an extensive visit of Egypt, Turkey, Syria and France, Azad met prominent Hindu revolutionaries Sri Aurobindo Ghosh and Shyam Sundar Chakraborty. In Turkey, Maulana Azad met the leaders of the Young Turks Movement. In Egypt, Azad came into contact with the followers of Mustafa Kemal Pasha who were publishing a weekly from Cairo. Two years later, at the age of thirteen, Azad was married to young Zuleikha Begum. He was eleven years old when his mother passed away. Maulana Azad had a natural inclination towards writing and this resulted in the start of the monthly magazine "Nairang-e-Alam" in 1899.
He also learnt English language, world history, and politics on his own. Maulana Azad had his initial formal education in Arabic, Persian and Urdu with theological orientation and then philosophy, geometry, mathematics and algebra. In 1890, he returned to Calcutta (now Kolkata) along with the family. Azads were the descendent of eminent Ulama or scholars of Islam. His forefathers came to India during the reign of Mughal Emperor Babar, from Heart, Afghanistan. His mother was the daughter of a rich Arabian Sheikh and his father, Maulana Khairuddin, was a Bengali Muslim of Afghan origin.
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was born Abul Kalam Ghulam Muhiyuddin on Novemin Mecca, Islam's main center of pilgrimage. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was posthumously awarded ‘Bharat Ratna’, India's highest civilian honor, in 1992. Azad was the first education minister of independent India. Despite being a Muslim, Azad often stood against the radicalizing policies of other prominent Muslims leaders like Muhammad Ali Jinnah. He was a prominent political leader of the Indian National Congress and was elected as Congress President in 19. He was also a noted writer, poet and journalist. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was one of the most influential independence activists during India’s freedom struggle.
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